In recent years, with the formation of people's unhealthy life and eating habits, work pressure continues to increase, so that the number of patients suffering from hyperthyroidism and diabetes has increased, and gradually younger. Diabetes sometimes occurs when the thyroid gland secretes too many hormones in the body and affects the metabolic function of the body. Hyperthyroidism can aggravate the symptoms of diabetic patients and cause ketoacidosis. The two diseases affect each other, aggravate the patient's condition, and seriously endanger the patient's health. In the treatment, hyperthyroidism should be controlled first, such as fasting iodine-containing foods, not staying up late, smoking, avoiding fatigue, and rational medication. Good control of hyperthyroidism can better adjust blood sugar levels.
The patient has both diabetes and hyperthyroidism. This situation is clinically rare and contradictory, because hyperthyroidism patients eat too much food and fatigue, while diabetic patients need to control their diet, and the blood sugar will fluctuate greatly when eating more. Therefore, the diet management should be individualized, flexible and dynamic. Du Ruiqin, director of the Endocrinology and Rheumatology Department of the Rocket Army Special Medical Center, told sugar friends that there are eight things to pay attention to in diet.
First, reasonably control the total calorie intake of food and carbohydrate intake: calculate the patient's BMI value according to the patient's height and weight, according to the Chinese adult BMI standard of 18.5-23.9, to determine the patient's body type and required calories; calculate the basal metabolic rate: Instruct patients to monitor their own basal metabolic rate correctly. The basal metabolic rate = (pulse rate + pulse pressure) -111 in the quiet state when not getting up in the morning. If the basal metabolic rate is high in patients with hyperthyroidism, it is necessary to increase calorie intake compared with ordinary diabetic patients; Finally, calculate the daily calories required by the patient's standard weight and activity level. The total calories of the patient suffering from hyperthyroidism should be increased by 10%, and the calculated total calorie value will be reasonably allocated to the three meals. Try to avoid or eat less fried foods. Appropriately increasing the intake of carbohydrates according to the specific conditions of the patient has a certain effect on improving insulin sensitivity and improving glucose tolerance. Need to pay attention to increase the carbohydrate content, to keep the total calories unchanged. If the total calories increase, the condition will easily worsen. The diet is based on a low-sugar, low-calorie, light diet, while controlling starch and high-sweet diets, eating more fresh fruits and vegetables, and eating meat food appropriately. Strictly control the patient's diet and pay attention to balanced nutrition. In addition, patients are advised to eat regularly and rations, eat small amounts of meals, and eat staple foods for each meal, and not to eat raw, cold, spicy and other irritating foods, and instruct patients to ban smoking and alcohol.
Second, the supply of protein must be sufficient. The metabolic disorder caused by diabetes and hyperthyroidism accelerates the decomposition of protein in the body and loses too much, which is prone to negative nitrogen balance. If the diet is rich in protein, it will enhance the body's immunity and disease resistance, so that the body can restore health. Ensure high-quality protein intake, including more eggs, lean beef, black sesame seeds, fish, and dairy products. The daily intake of milk must be fixed to ensure sufficient protein in the body to satisfy the metabolism. For example, drinking milk before going to bed can also promote sleep.
Third, reduce fat intake. Obese patients strictly limit fat intake. Essential fatty acids are important substances for human metabolism and must be ingested from food. Vegetable oil is an important source of essential fatty acids for humans. Patients with hyperthyroidism and diabetes should consume vegetable oils, and try to eat less or no animal fat and high cholesterol foods, such as animal offal, whole milk, egg yolks, etc., to prevent various complications .
Fourth, pay attention to the supply of vitamin-rich foods. As diabetic patients limit their intake of staple foods and fruits, they should avoid eating simple sugars, such as honey and various syrups, soft drinks, etc., resulting in insufficient vitamin sources. Therefore, the intake of B vitamins should be increased in the diet. Vitamin B-rich foods: liver, meat, beans, egg yolk, spinach, cheese, etc.
Fifth, supplement calcium-rich foods in the diet. When diabetes is excreted in diabetic patients, a large amount of calcium and phosphorus are also lost in the urine. The main reason is that the renal tubular filtration rate increases and the reabsorption of calcium and phosphorus decreases. Therefore, the supply of calcium and phosphorus should be increased and vitamin D should be added in time to prevent osteoporosis. Eat more sesame, black beans, black fungus, liver, lean meat, soy products, etc.
Sixth, patients with hyperthyroidism and diabetes are often accompanied by diarrhea. Excessive supplementation of fiber will aggravate diarrhea. Adjust the diet appropriately.
Seventh, during work, it is discovered that patients are afraid of blood sugar level to increase their food intake or eat less staple foods by themselves, inform patients of the disadvantages of unreasonable diets, increase health education, and urge patients to eat regularly, eat less and more meals , Appropriate exercise after meals, regular check-ups to control blood sugar, when carrying out diet intervention, remember that the diet plan should be adjusted according to the patient's condition, and the type of diet should be reasonably matched.
Eighth, prevention and control of complications: The patients implement diet care, and through reasonable dietary structure adjustments, supplement the protein, vitamins and carbohydrates the patient needs in their bodies, improve the patient’s immunity and reduce the incidence of complications. A number of studies have shown that the complication rate of patients with hyperthyroidism and diabetes combined with dietary care measures is significantly lower than that of patients with hyperthyroidism and diabetes who have not implemented dietary care measures. It is proved that the implementation of routine care combined with dietary care measures for patients with hyperthyroidism and diabetes can reduce complications Incidence rate.
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